Brown v. Goldman Sachs Bank (In re Brown) (Case No. 23-70426; A.P. No. 24-07009) 9/10/26
The defendant’s motion to dismiss this adversary proceeding pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) was granted without prejudice, with leave for the plaintiffs to file an amended complaint. This action stems from the post petition collection efforts of the creditor defendant in violation of the automatic stay. Under 11 U.S.C. § 362(k), if a creditor willfully violates the stay, a debtor may recover actual damages, including costs and attorneys’ fees.. To recover for such violation, a plaintiff must show “(1) that the defendant violated the stay imposed by § 362(a), (2) that the violation was willful, and (3) that the plaintiff was injured by the violation.” Houck v. Substitute Tr. Servs., Inc., 791 F.3d 473, 484 (4th Cir. 2015).
In this case, the plaintiffs sufficiently alleged that the defendant willfully violated the automatic stay imposed by Section 362(k). However, the plaintiffs did not adequately plead actual damages. Plaintiffs did not sufficiently allege they suffered any direct pecuniary, physiological, or financial harm, but alleged they suffered injury in the forms of threats to report credit delinquency, emotional distress, loss of time, and attorneys’ fees. The court held that a potential future injury is not an injury in fact; there was no injury based on the fact that the creditor threatened to report the accounts as delinquent to credit reporting agencies. The plaintiffs also failed to allege adequate grounds to support a finding of sufficient distress to advance a claim for emotional damages or loss of time damages as the debtors did not allege they missed time from work.
In the context of Section 362(k), the Court found that attorneys’ fees may be claimed as independent grounds for actual damages, so long as such fees are related to the prosecution of a necessary enforcement or damages action, are reasonable in relation to the value of the services rendered by the attorney and the injury claimed, and may be properly quantified by the debtor. To the extent a complaint seeks an award of attorneys’ fees as actual damages for violation of the stay, the Court found that the complaint must first recite sufficient facts to show that the plaintiffs are individuals that have been injured. The plaintiffs failed to do so in this complaint. Finally, the Court held that the plaintiffs did not adequately plead grounds for punitive damages as the complaint failed to show actual damage.
