The summaries on this website are summaries of the opinions issued by the judges of the Bankruptcy Court for the Western District of Virginia from October 2004 to date. The opinions may be searched by year, judge, category and chapter. For a more detailed search, enter a keyword in the search box above. This opinion bank, however, is not an exhaustive list of opinions issued by the judges of the Western District. These summaries are not intended to replace other research methods, but may be used as a starting point for your research. These summaries do not contain information as to whether an opinion has been published, appealed or the disposition of any such appeal, or otherwise overruled or affected by subsequent case law or statute. These summaries have been prepared for the convenience of the researcher and in no way constitute an interpretation by the Court of the opinion summarized. Please rely on the opinion not the summary. Please contact Judge Connelly's chambers or Judge Black's chambers regarding any questions or errors.
Pro se Debtor sought to proceed in forma pauperis on his appeal from an order dismissing an adversary proceeding. The Court found that the Debtor was eligible for waiver under 11 U.S.C. Section 1930(f) guidelines. However, as appeal was frivolous and not taken in good faith, the Court denied the application for waiver of fees under Section 1930(f)(3).
This matter was before the Court on cross motions for summary judgment filed by the parties in connection with a complaint to avoid certain transfers by the Debtor to the creditor as fraudulent or voluntary conveyances pursuant 11 U.S.C. §§ 544 and 548 and Va. Code §§ 55-80 and 55-81 stemming from the recordation of a deed of trust modification. The Debtor asserted that due to a lag between the time the deed conveying the real estate to the Debtor was recorded and the time the deed of trust modification was recorded, the recordation of the deed of trust modification rendered it insolvent or with unreasonably small capital. The creditor asserted that the Debtor received its real estate subject to the existing deed of trust liens; thus no transfer occurred. The Court granted the creditor’s motion for summary judgment, finding that the Debtor agreed to acquire the real estate subject to Farm Credit's liens as part of a single, unified transaction. The Court focused on (i) whether there was a transfer of an interest of the Debtor in property that would have been preserved but for the transaction with the creditor, and (ii) whether the net effect of the transaction depleted the Debtor's estate. The Court concluded that the answer to both questions is no. The Debtor’s motion for summary judgment was denied. The Debtor’s motion to amend the complaint was also denied on the grounds that the proposed amendment would be futile.
The debtor filed an objection to an unsecured proof of claim. Both the debtor and the claimant agreed that the claim was barred by the statute of limitations. The claimant, however, contested the objection, because the debtor filed her objection to claim after the Court entered an order confirming her chapter 13 plan and the proof of claim had been filed prior to confirmation. The claimant, therefore, argued that the objection was barred by res judicata. The Court concluded that the debtor’s objection to the unsecured claim was not barred by res judicata when she filed the objection after confirmation of her chapter 13 plan yet the claimant had filed its unsecured proof of claim before plan confirmation.
The plaintiff alleged in his amended complaint that certain actions related to foreclosure proceedings in Tennessee state court between 2012 and 2014 constituted a violation of the automatic stay. At oral argument, the Plaintiff asserted a claim that due to a jurisdictional defect in Tennessee state court, the judgment and writs of possession in favor of the defendant were unlawful. The Court granted Defendant HSBC's motion to dismiss the amended complaint on two grounds. First, the Court did not have subject matter jurisdiction under the Rooker-Feldman doctrine to engage in appellate review of the state court judgment. Second, the amended complaint failed to state a claim upon which relief could be granted for a violation of the automatic stay as the Plaintiff was not in bankruptcy at the time the defendant's conduct took place. Further, the Court sua sponte dismissed the amended complaint against the John Doe defendant for the same reasons.
Having determined in its Opinion of May 27, 2016 that the Bank violated the discharge injunction, the Court held a hearing as to what sanctions, if any, may be appropriate. The Debtor sought actual damages, attorneys' fees, and punitive damages. As to actual damages, the Debtor sought all payments made to the bank post-discharge, as well as all payments made to insure the property and to maintain electricity and water service to the property post-discharge. The Court determined that payments made voluntarily to the bank on the original note were not recoverable, but payments made under the subsequent renewal notes, which were made in violation of the discharge injunction, were recoverable. The Court further concluded that the insurance and utility costs were not recoverable because they were in rem obligations contained in the deed of trust and the debtor would have been required to pay these costs even had the bank not violated the discharge injunction. The Court thus awarded $11,796.29 in actual damages. As to attorneys' fees, the only evidence presented at the hearing was that the Debtor paid a $5,500 retainer and $586.00 in court reporter fees. No fee agreement or time records were produced, but counsel for the Bank conceded that the $5,500.00 had been fairly earned. Counsel for the debtor requested further opportunity to present evidence of his fees, but the Court denied that request and awarded the debtor $6,086.00 in attorneys' fees and costs. Finally, the Court determined that the Bank did not act with the requisite degree of malevolence to require an award of punitive damages.
The Court granted the United States Trustee’s Motion for Review of Attorney’s Fees in several cases after an evidentiary hearing. The attorneys and law firm were each sanctioned for civil contempt for failure to pay a fine imposed by this Court’s prior Order. An attorney and law firm were ordered to disgorge all attorneys’ fees paid by the debtors in the matters before the Court. Civil penalties were also assessed against the law firm under Section 526(c)(5) as the firm demonstrated a clear and consistent pattern or practice of violating Section 526(a)(1). The Court held that the attorneys’ fees collected were excessive under 11 U.S.C. Section 329(b). The Court also voided the contract between the law firm/debt relief agency and the assisted persons as the law firm failed to perform any service that the agency informed an assisted person it would provide under Section 526(a)(1), (c)(1). The law firm, attorney and any related entities, were also permanently enjoined from practicing before this Court.
Trustee sought court order to issue a notice of surplus funds to creditors in Chapter 7 case in which no proofs of claims had been filed prior to bar date and Debtor received an inheritance thereafter. The Court found that there would be authority for Trustee to make distributions on tardily-filed claims under 11 U.S.C. §§ 726(a)(2)(C) & (a)(3). Neither the Court nor the Clerk's office has authority to extend the bar date for timely filed claims, and there is likewise no authority for the Court or Clerk to solicit untimely claims via a notice of surplus funds. However, the Trustee is free to solicit tardily-filed proofs of claims at his own expense within a reasonable time. Once a reasonable time has passed, it is Trustee's duty and obligation to furnish a final report, close the case, and refund the remaining property of the estate to the Debtor.
Debtors owned their home as tenants by the entireties, but only one Debtor signed the promissory note and deed of trust. Thus, Creditor’s security interest never attached. Debtors received a personal discharge of their debts under Chapter 7. Following Debtors’ discharge, Creditor filed an action in state circuit court seeking to reform the deed of trust for the home and to create a constructive trust for unjust enrichment. Debtors sought an injunction against Creditor in order to prevent Creditor from pursuing its counts in circuit court and sought sanctions against Creditor for violating 11 U.S.C. § 524(a). The Court explained that Creditor did not violate 524(a) by requesting to reform the deed of trust, but that Creditor would violate § 524(a) if it continued to pursue its unjust enrichment claim. The Court thus found that sanctions against Creditor were not appropriate. The Court denied Debtors’ motion for a permanent injunction to keep Creditor from pursuing its claims in circuit court, but cautioned Creditor against pursuing the unjust enrichment claim.
Creditor-ex-spouse objected to confirmation of Debtor's plan that did not fully provide for a lump-sum home equity line payment arising out of a property settlement agreement claimed as a domestic support obligation. After the parties briefed the issue and the hearing was held, the Debtor then objected to the ex-spouse’s proof of claim. The Debtor has the burden of proof as to compliance with Chapter 13 requirements, but the objecting party bears the burden of proof as to its objection. The Court denied confirmation of the amended plan as it did not provide for the creditor’s priority claim for a domestic support obligation at all. To determine the amount of priority claim, the Court then turned to the Debtor’s objection to the proof of claim. The burden shifted to the Debtor to present evidence to rebut the presumption of validity of the creditor’s claim. After considering the Webber factors, the Court found that the creditor-ex-spouse did not meet her burden to demonstrate that, contrary to the plain language of divorce decree and property settlement agreement, the lump sum equity line payment was intended as a domestic support obligation under 11 U.S.C. § 507(a). The Court held that the obligation at issue was simply a lump sum division of marital debt and sustained the Debtor’s objection.
Debtors, a couple caring for their severely disabled son, filed bankruptcy under Chapter 13. Debtors receive payments from Public Partnership, LLC, a Virginia and Medicaid approved organization that pays Medicaid waiver benefits for their son’s homecare. The chapter 13 trustee objected to the plan under 11 U.S.C. § 1325(b) on the grounds that the debtors did not allocate all of their disposable income towards payments to unsecured creditors because they did not include the Medicaid waiver benefits as part of their disposable income. The Court found that the Medicaid waiver benefits were received under the Social Security Act and the debtors lived with and cared for their son. The Medicaid waiver benefits were therefore excluded from debtors’ disposable income. The Court explained that the Medicaid waiver benefits are also excluded from disposable income as foster care payments under 26 U.S.C. § 131 because the debtors provide non-medical care to their son within their own home. Accordingly, the Court overruled the trustee’s objection.